输入处理教学扩展模型_刘岩著_9787561932230

《An Extended Input Processing Instruction Model》在作者博士论文的基础上修改、调整而成。尝试将单句层次的PI和MOI扩展为话语层次，由此得出EPI和EMOI，并将文学语篇作为教学材料，做到在语境中进行二语教与学，帮助学生在学习目标语言的同时得到目标文化的渗透，实证研究意在检验与比较PI、EPI、EMOI及其相关教学的教学效果。

    1．1 Language and language learning
    If a second language （L2 henceforth） teacher is asked to list several teaching methods， I'm sure he or she will have no difficulty in describing L2 teaching methods like grammar-translation method，audiolingual method， communicative approach， and many others． Yet， if the question is what is language， many people， even language teachers， may find it difficult to provide a precise definition． No matter which teaching approach one is using， the ultimate goal is to help language learners to learn the target language effectively． Since language is the object to teach and to learn， it is undoubtedly a very important concept， which requires careful consideration． Different interpretations of it will lead to different understanding and practices of language teaching and learning．
    It is to some extent understandable that people have never reached a unanimous consensus on the definition oflanguage． It is something that most of us can naturally acquire at some point． As long as we have got it， we can use it anytime and anywhere． There is no problem for most people to take language for granted， because whether being aware of its definition does not impair their ability to use it in real life． However，just as stated previously， language teachers must give careful thought to this issue， because their understanding of it will be most likely to influence what and how they teach． For instance，when regarding language as a means of interaction，teachers may avoid decontextualized teaching， use input with context，and emphasize appropriateness of language uses． Or，when seeing language as a system of codes， teachers may attach more importance to grammatical rules， sentence patterns and the like． In other words，language can be defined in various ways， in which different aspects of it are highlighted． Accordingly， different aspects of the target language are focused on． In a word， one's interpretation of language may affect one’s approach to language teaching． However， it should be noted that the different definitions of language are not necessarily mutually exclusive． It is quite possible for language teachers to hold multiple views towards the nature of language． Those who believe language is a means of interaction cannot deny that it is also a particular set of rules through which language elements are combined and thus become meaningful． What matters more is what they think is the more important aspect of language or， stated differently， what makes a language become a language in essence．
    No one would disagree that language consists of two dimensions，form and meaning． As the name indicates， fonu refers to the form of expression of a language， either in sounds or written symbols． How does an audible or visible ultimate product carry meaning and is thus understood by audiences or readers？ One possible answer is that meaning is encoded in each word and if you are not sure about the meaning of a particular word， you can always consult a dictionary． The term meaning apparently refers to the dictionary meaning． From this point of view， language is regarded as a system of meaning-bearing
    codes governed by particular rules． In this way， researchers tend to focus on linguistic forms， taking the forms themselves as the object of analysis． Their primary goal is to study the actual manifestation of a language， instead of considering where and to whom it is used．
    Upon close examination of the above analysis about how language produces meaning， one may find that an important factor
    that also contributes to meaning is missing． This whole analysis is conducted in a decontextualized manner． As a matter of fact， apart from existing in the forms of language， meaning also changes with each instance of language use． In order to interpret the meaning precisely， one must take the context in which the language is used into account．
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